TOR-M2U 9A331 9M331 surface-to-air defense missile system data | Russia Russian missile system vehicle UK | Russia Russian army military equipment vehicles UK (2024)

The missile weapon turret of the TOR-M2U is mounted on a tracked vehicle chassis. The turret is mounted on the center of the chassis with surveillance radar antenna assembly located at the rear, which is swung through 90º to the horizontal position for extended travelling purposes. At the front of the turret is the phased-array pulse-Doppler 25 km range K-band tracking radar, the beams of which are also electronically steered. The missile are fired from two-four missile aluminium container-launcher modules located in the center of the turret. The TOR-M2U can destroy moving enemy targets within the range of 12 km and at altitudes from 10 m to 1,000 m.

The Tor-M2U uses the proven 9M331 surface-to-air missile (SAM) which is optimized against small-sized maneuvering targets. The vehicle is also able to fire a full range of missiles as the 9M338, 9M338GN, 9M338D, 9M338K, 9M338KUD, 9M339, 9M339D, 9M339KU, 9M339UD, and P3B-MD (export model of 9M338K). The missile is guided over a radio command link. Guidance commences as soon as the weapon enters the beam produced by the phased array and terminates when the missile hits the target. The high guidance accuracy combined with the powerful warhead enable the missile to effectively engage a wide range of air threats, including highly maneuver-able (up to 10 g) and low-vulnerable ones. Tor-M2U system is capable of detecting up to 40 targets simultaneously; sorting them by a degree of threat, tracking and attacking four targets using four missiles launched one after another.

The Tor SAM system comprises the 9A331 combat vehicle and the 9M331 surface-to-air missile.
The technical support facilities include:
- the 9T244 transporter-loader vehicle (TLV);
- the 9T245 transporter;
- the 9V887 maintenance vehicles (MV):
- the 9F116 rigging equipment set;
- the 9F399 truck used to carry the group set of spare parts, tools and accessories

The Tor-M2U SAM (Surface-to-Air Missile) system uses a radio-command missile guidance principle. The target acquisition radar scans the surroundings while it is either moving or stationary, detects and identifies targets. The computing devices analyze the situation, prioritize the detected targets and generate targeting information for the guidance radar. The guidance radar (stationary or at a short halt) locks on to the target, assumes its automatic tracking and calculates the time instant when the SAM is to be launched to attack it. Then, it locks on to the SAM to track it automatically and guides it toward the target by radio commands automatically. In addition to these functions, the guidance radar controls the missile's war-load. It sends delay command to the weapon's electronic fuze depending on the target-to-missile approach speed, thereby providing for the plastering of the target with a host of fragments at the required instant. In the event of a miss, the missile's self-destruct device is activated.